Browse our collection of terms and definitions
Neurotransmitter for attention and muscle activation.
Rapid electrical change propagating along axons.
Substance helping the body adapt to stress.
Compound that activates a receptor.
Choline compound supporting acetylcholine synthesis.
Brain waves during wakeful relaxation (8-12 Hz).
Building blocks of proteins.
Compounds enhancing AMPA receptor function.
Glutamate receptor for fast synaptic transmission.
An almond-shaped structure involved in emotion and memory.
Compound that blocks receptor activation.
Compounds preventing oxidation damage.
Substance that reduces anxiety.
Programmed cell death.
Star-shaped glial cells supporting neurons.
The primary source of chemical energy in cells.
Sustained concentration on specific stimuli.
Regulates unconscious bodily functions.
Cellular process removing damaged components.
Long projection transmitting electrical impulses.
Nuclei involved in motor control and learning.
Protein supporting neuron growth and neurogenesis.
Brain waves during active thinking (13-30 Hz).
Proportion of substance reaching circulation.
Technique for awareness of physiological functions.
A selective barrier protecting the central nervous system.
Substance obtained from plants.
The main organ of the nervous system.
The posterior part of the brain controlling basic life functions.
Synchronized electrical pulses from neurons.
The brain and spinal cord that processes and integrates information.
Coordinates voluntary movements, balance, and motor learning.
The brain's outer layer essential for higher cognitive functions.
Fluid providing buoyancy and protection to the brain and spinal cord.
Lipid essential for cell membranes.
Essential nutrient for acetylcholine synthesis.
The internal 24-hour cycle.
Property of systems with many interacting components.
Stress hormone regulating metabolism.
The ability to generate novel and valuable ideas.
Objective analysis and evaluation of information.
Brain waves during deep sleep (0.5-4 Hz).
Branched structures receiving information from other neurons.
The molecule containing genetic information.
Neurotransmitter regulating mood, reward, and motor control.
Records brain's electrical activity via scalp electrodes.
Novel properties arising from simpler components.
The capacity to understand others' feelings.
Originating from within the organism.
Endogenous opioid peptides reducing pain.
The nervous system embedded in the gastrointestinal tract.
Proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions.
Chemical modifications altering gene expression.
Hormone involved in the fight-or-flight response.
The process of change in living organisms.
Neuron damage from excessive glutamate stimulation.
Higher-order processes for planning and task management.
Originating from outside the organism.
Components of cell membranes and energy storage.
Complete immersion in skillful activity.
Measures brain activity through blood oxygenation changes.
Highly reactive molecules that can damage cells.
Executes conscious thinking, decision-making, and motor control.
The main inhibitory neurotransmitter.
Brain waves during higher cognitive functions (30-100 Hz).
DNA region containing protein assembly instructions.
Non-neuronal cells providing support and protection.
The main excitatory neurotransmitter.
Time for concentration to decrease by half.
A seahorse-shaped structure essential for memory consolidation.
Maintenance of stable internal conditions.
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis regulating stress response.
Links the nervous and endocrine systems.
The body's immune response to injury.
The capacity to think rationally and adapt.
Immediate understanding without conscious reasoning.
Brain structures involved in emotional processes and memory.
Storage of information for extended periods.
Persistent strengthening of synapses.
Enzymes breaking down monoamine neurotransmitters.
Hormone regulating sleep-wake cycles.
The process of encoding, storing, and retrieving information.
Chemical reactions sustaining life.
Awareness of one's own thought processes.
The complete collection of microorganisms in the body.
Immune cells of the central nervous system.
Inorganic elements essential for physiological functions.
Neurons firing during action execution or observation.
Cellular organelles generating ATP energy.
Regulation of movement.
Insulating substance increasing impulse speed.
Coenzyme essential for cellular metabolism.
The complex network of nerves and cells that convey information to and from the brain.
Interconnected neurons acting together.
Undifferentiated cells capable of becoming neurons or glial cells.
The generation of new neurons throughout life.
Optimizing nervous system function.
The basic element of the nervous system.
The brain's ability to reorganize and form new connections.
Substance harmful to neurons.
The main chemical messengers of neurons.
Nerve growth factor supporting neuron survival.
Glutamate receptor crucial for synaptic plasticity.
Substance enhancing cognitive function.
Neurotransmitter for attention and alertness.
Food-derived product with health benefits.
Contains most of the visual cortex.
Glial cells producing myelin in the CNS.
Imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants.
Hormone involved in social bonding.
Controls rest-and-digest functions.
Integrates sensory information including touch and spatial awareness.
All nerves outside the brain and spinal cord.
Visualizes brain activity through metabolic processes.
Phospholipid important for cognitive function.
Main component of cell membranes.
The front part of the frontal lobe involved in executive function.
The sense of body position and movement.
Large biomolecules essential for structure and function.
Synthetic compounds with nootropic effects.
Time between stimulus and response.
The ability to recover from adversity.
Molecule blocking neurotransmitter reabsorption.
Molecule involved in protein synthesis.
Spontaneous emergence of order.
Sharpness of the senses.
Neurotransmitter regulating mood, appetite, and sleep.
System holding limited information briefly.
Compound enhancing cognitive abilities.
The system handling sensory reception and voluntary movement.
Perception of objects in relation to oneself.
Combination of compounds for synergistic effects.
Substance increasing nervous system activity.
Manages fight-or-flight responses.
The interface between neurons for signal transmission.
The capacity of synapses to strengthen or weaken.
The formation of new synaptic connections.
Whole system behavior unpredictable from parts.
Transdisciplinary study of complex systems.
Protective sequences at chromosome ends.
Processes auditory information and visual interpretation.
A relay station for sensory and motor signals.
Brain waves during drowsiness and meditation (4-8 Hz).
The longest cranial nerve controlling heart, lungs, and digestion.
Organic compounds required for metabolism.
Temporary storage for information in current awareness.